K13 AM/FM SIGNAL GENERATOR

Objective:

Study of AM/FM signal generator using XR2206.

FEATURES:
Built in AF oscillator (1KHz)

Carrier Frequency: Variable.

Carrier Amplitude: Variable (0-5)V

Power supply: +15V/500mA

K14 DEMODULATOR CIRCUITS

Objective:

1. Study of Diode demodulator circuit.
2. Study of Transistorised Demodulation.
3. Power supply: +12V/500mA

K15 DELTA MODULATION & DEMODULATION

The modulation circuit consists of IC's LM741 and CD4013. IC-LM741 functions as a comparative circuit and IC-CD4013 is an D-Flip-flop, functions to hold the quantized error signal during sampling signal.

The Demodulation circuit consists of IC's CD4016. The IC CD4016 is an quad bilateral switch. The bilateral switch functions as to reconstruct the original signal. Here, same clock pulses is apply to the CD4013 and CD4016 IC's.

Clock Generator :

Audio Oscillator:

Power Supply : +5V, -5V/500mA

Dimension : 41.5cms x 31.5cms x 13.5cms.

Weight: 750gms (app.)

Power: 230V Ac,50Hz mains operated.

K16 ADAPTIVE DELTA MODULATION/DEMODULATION

Objective:

1. The objective of this lab Trainer is to introduce several basic concepts related to Adaptive Delta Modulation/Demodulation.
2. To study how variable step size that adapts itself to the short-term characteristics of the source signal. That is the step size is increased when the waveform has a step slope and decreased when the waveform has relatively small slope. This strategy is called adaptive DM (ADM).

This trainer consists of the following features.

Clock Generator:

Audio Oscillator:

Power Supply: +5V, -5V/500mA

Dimension: 41.5cms x 31.5cms x 13.5cms.

Weight: 750gms (app.)

K17 AM/FM RECEIVER TRAINER

Objective:

1. Study of AM Receiver (MW)
2. Study of FM Receiver

POWER SUPPLY: +6V/500mA

FEATURES:

1. Built in 7W Power Amplifier
2. Loud speaker

K18-PHASE SHIFT KEYING MODULATOR/DEMODULATOR

OBJECTIVE:

1. The purpose of this MAX trainer is to provide the basic knowledge of the Phase Shift Keying (PSK).
2. PSK describes the modulation technique that alters the phase of the carrier. Mathematically:

In this trainer we have used 1496 IC as PSK Modulator.

PSK Demodulator consists of 565 Phase locked loop IC and an operational amplifier to demodulate the PSK signal by adjusting the PLL to the centre of the PSK signal. To prove this fact by comparing the steady State input and output levels (i.e) the PLL output followed the Input level exactly.

Our PSK trainer consists of the following

Data Input, Carrier generator, Phase shift keying Modulator & PSK Demodulator.

1. Date Input:

Debouncing pulser is provided to give the Input instantaneously.

2. Clock Generator:

It is provided for Data Input of the PSK Modulator. The generated square wave frequency varies from 1Hz to 500Hz.

3. Carrier Generator:

This generator is provided for carrier Input of the PSK Modulator. It generates sine wave. Its frequency varies from 1KHz to 100KHz.

Frequency selector: X1 - 1KHz to 10KHz (approximately) X10 - 5KHz to 100KHz

Amplitude: (0-10)V (p-p)

K19 QPSK MODULATOR

FEATURES

*Programmable gain
*PLL controlled carrier frequency
*3-wire transmission bus
*5V supply voltage.

APPLICATIONS

*QPSK modulation

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) transmitter IC is a monollthic bipolar IC dedicated to quadrature modulation of the I and Q signals. It includes:

*Two double balanced mixers
*A balanced voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) with 0 to 90 degrees signal generation for modulation
*A phase locked loop (PLL) for IF frequency control
*A conversion mixer
*A PLL for RF frequency control
*A gain controlled output amplifier
*A 3-wire bus and an output buffer.

Two PLLs are incorporated the first PLL includes:

• A fixed main divider
• A crystal oscillator and its programmable reference divider
• A phase/frequency detector, combined with a fixed charge pump. The second PLL includes
• A divide-by-four preamplifier
• A 12-bit programmable divider
• A crystal oscillator and its programmable reference divider
• A phase/frequency detector, combined with a programmable charge pump which drives the tuning amplifier, including 30 V output.
• Power: 230V/Ac Mains operated.
• Housing: Mounted in sloping Fiber cabinet.
• Dimension: 41.5cms X 31.5cms X 13.5cms
• Weight: 750 gms

K20 FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING & DEMULTIPLEXING

1. Study of Frequency Division Multiplexing.
2. Study of frequency demultiplexer.

POWERSUPPLY: +15V/500mA

CLOCK GENERATOR:

Built in clock generator.

K21 BINARY PHASE SHIFT KEYING MODULATOR (BPSK)

Binary phase- shift- keying (BPSK) has only two phases, 0 and p . It is therefore a type of ASK with f(t) taking the values 1 or 1 and its bandwidth is the same as that of ASK. Phase-shift-keying offers a simple way of increasing the number of levels in the transmission without increasing the bandwidth by introducing smaller phase shifts.

This trainer consists of the following features.

Clock Generator:

Audio Oscillator:

Power Supply: +5V/500mA, -5V/500mA
Dimension: 41.5cms x 31.5cms x 13.5cms.

Weight: 750gms (app.)

K22 AMPLITUDE SHIFT KEYING

OBJECTIVES:

Amplitude shift keying modulator describes the technique the carrier wave is multiplied by the digital signal f(t).

Mathematically, the modulated carrier signal s(t) is:

s(t) = f(t) sin(2p fct + Æ )

It is a special case of amplitude modulation (AM). Amplitude modulation has the property of translating the spectrum of the modulation f(t) to the carrier frequency. The bandwidth of the signal remains unchanged.

The fact that AM simply shifts the signal spectrum is often used to convert the carrier frequency to a more suitable value without altering the modulation. This process is

known variously as mixing, up-conversion or down-conversion. Some form of conversion will always be presents when the channel carrier occupies a frequency range outside the modulation frequency range.

This trainer consists of the following features.

Clock Generator:

Audio Oscillator:

Power Supply: +5V/500mA, -5V/500mA
Dimension: 41.5cmsx31.5cmsx13.5cms
Weight: 750gms (app.)

K23 DSB/SSB AM TRANSMITTER

Study of Double Side Band AM Transmitter.
Study of Single Side Band AM Transmitter.

FEATURES :

Mains: 230V AC

AMT AM TRANSMITTER
MODEL - AMT

To build and run your own AM broadcast station with this exciting kit! The AM Transmitter is designed specifically for simplicity of construction and use an ideal first kit!

FEATURES:

• Great for transmitting your tape deck, CD player, or voice throughout the house, yard, or car !
• Powerful enough for high school, college, or neighborhood radio station - in use the world over !
• Easily tunes to any clear channel on the AM broadcast band. from 530 to 1750 KHz.
• Operates on the same principle as the "big-boys", learn how commercial transmitters work as well !
• Superior performance.
• Adjustable input level - can be configured for line level or microphone input.
• Unit runs on 12 volts DC(Built in regulated power supply).complete and informative instructions guide you to the trainer that works the first time

ACCESSORIES:

• Dynamic microphone
• AM Radio Receiver
• Set of hook up wires
• Instruction manual

Dimension: 36.5cm X28cm X9.5cm

Weight: 750gms

AM RECEIVER MODEL - AMR

OBJECTIVE: Study of AM receiver circuit.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION:
The TEA 5591A is a 24-pin integrated radio circuit, derived from the TEA 5591 and is designed for use in a AM/FM portable radios and clock radios. The TEA 5591A differs from the TEA 5591 that is has:

• Separate IF input pins for Am and FM.
• A split-up AM-if stage (for distribute selectivity).
• An LED driver indicator.

The main advantage of the TEA5591A is its ability to operate over a wide range of supply voltages (1.8 to 15V) without any loss performance.

The AM Circuit incorporates:

• A double balance mixer.
• A 'one pin' oscillator with amplitude control operating in the 0.9 to 30 MHz frequency range.
• A split-up IF amplifier.
• A detector.
• An AGC circuit which controls the IF amplifier and mixer.

FEATURES:

• LED AM/FM indicator.
• A DC AM/FM switch facility.
• Three separate stabilizers to enable operation over a wide range of supply (1.8-5 V)
• All pins (except pin 10) are ESD protected.
• This trainer is single glass-epoxy printed circuit board.
• This trainer is mounted on a strong fibre cabinet.

OBJECTIVES:

To build FM Transmitter works great for almost any application that requires small size and sensitive audio pick-up. Its sensitive mike preamp stage permits pickup of sounds many yards away. Typical uses for this fun and economical kit include:

• Childs home broadcasting station
• Wireless monitoring of backyard play, basement, play room
• Party jokes and tricks
• Listen to what goes on inside a birdhouse or squirrel feeder.

FEATURES :

Great for transmitting your tape deck, CD player, or voice throughout the house, yard, or car !

• FM Transmitter with added mike pre-amp.
• Transmits up to 300 feet
• Tune 88-108MHz band
• Runs on 9VDC(Built in regulated power supply)

Complete with applications and step by step instruction manual.

ACCESSORIES:

• M condenser mike
• FM Receiver
• Dimension: 27cm X 17cm X10cm

Weight: 500gms